Cats are masters of disguise—especially when it comes to hiding discomfort or illness. That’s why staying informed about common cat illnesses is one of the best things you can do for your furry friend. While many health issues are treatable, early recognition and preventive care often make the biggest difference.
Let’s walk through the most common cat diseases and symptoms on how to spot them early, and what you can do to help your cat live a longer, healthier life
1. Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)
What it is: FLUTD isn’t one single disease, but rather a group of conditions affecting the bladder and urethra. Cats with FLUTD may strain to urinate, pee outside the litter box, or show blood in their urine.
At-risk cats: Middle-aged, overweight cats are more likely to develop this condition, especially if they’re stressed or don’t drink enough water.
Prevention tips:
Offer fresh water daily (try a water fountain to encourage drinking)
Feed moisture-rich food (wet or raw diets)
Keep litter boxes clean and stress to a minimum
Ensure a calm, predictable home environment
2. Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs)
What they are: Think of this as the feline version of a cold. Viruses like feline herpesvirus or calicivirus often cause URIs and are easily spread between cats.
Symptoms include:
Sneezing
Runny nose
Eye discharge
Loss of appetite
Prevention tips:
Stay on top of core vaccinations
Avoid sudden introductions with unfamiliar cats
Clean food and water bowls regularly
Provide good airflow and minimize dust or smoke
3. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
What it is: CKD is one of the most common diseases in older cats. It gradually reduces the kidneys’ ability to filter waste from the blood.
Signs to watch for:
Increased thirst and urination
Vomiting or bad breath
Weight loss
Decreased appetite
Prevention tips:
Schedule annual bloodwork after age 7
Encourage water intake
Feed diets recommended for kidney support
Keep an eye on changes in urination habits
4. Hyperthyroidism
What it is: A common endocrine disorder in older cats caused by an overactive thyroid gland.
Symptoms include:
Weight loss despite a ravenous appetite
Increased activity or restlessness
Vomiting or diarrhea
Poor coat quality
Prevention tips:
Routine vet exams for early detection
Blood tests for cats over 7
Monitor changes in appetite and energy levels
5. Diabetes Mellitus
What it is: A metabolic disorder where the body can’t properly regulate blood sugar levels.
Common symptoms:
Excessive thirst and urination
Sudden weight loss
Lethargy
Increased hunger
Prevention tips:
Maintain a healthy body weight
Feed a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet (ask your vet)
Monitor for signs of increased drinking or urination
6. Dental Disease
What it is: Gum disease and tooth decay are more than just a mouth issue—they can impact your cat’s entire body, including the heart and kidneys.
Watch for:
Bad breath
Drooling
Difficulty eating
Red or swollen gums
Prevention tips:
Brush your cat’s teeth (yes, it’s possible!)
Provide dental chews or special diets
Schedule professional cleanings as needed
Tip: Start dental care early to get your cat used to it—it pays off in the long run.
7. Cancer
What it is: Cancer can affect any organ or system and is most often diagnosed in older cats. Lymphoma is the most common type in felines.
Warning signs:
Unexplained weight loss
Lumps or swelling
Changes in appetite or behavior
Chronic vomiting or diarrhea
Prevention tips:
Regular vet visits, especially after age 8
Early evaluation of any new lumps or odd behavior
Keep your cat indoors to reduce toxin exposure
Avoid tobacco smoke and harmful chemicals in the home
8. Subtle Signs Your Cat May Be Sick
Cats are stealthy when they’re unwell. Pay attention to:
Sleeping more or hiding
Grooming less (greasy or matted coat)
Sudden litter box changes
Acting more clingy—or more distant
If something feels “off,” don’t wait. Early action often leads to better outcomes.
9. Seasonal Considerations: When Disease Risk Changes
Just like people, cats can be affected by the changing seasons:
Winter:
Indoor heating can dry out the air, making respiratory infections more common
Keep your cat warm and avoid drafts
Spring & Summer:
Stress from moving, travel, or boarding can trigger urinary issues
Ensure your cat stays cool and hydrated
Fall:
Transition time—watch for dietary shifts, changes in routine, and emerging parasite risks
Fall is a great time for an annual wellness exam
Prevention tips year-round:
Adjust routines with the season (more water in summer, more warmth in winter)
Keep vaccinations and parasite prevention on schedule
Reduce household stressors—cats thrive on consistency
Stay One Step Ahead of Common Cat Diseases
Many of the most common cat illnesses are manageable—or even preventable—with regular care, good nutrition, and early detection. A little extra attention to hydration, diet, and behavior can go a long way toward keeping your cat healthy for years to come.
Keep up with wellness visits
Know what’s normal for your cat
Don’t wait if you sense something’s wrong
Your cat may not speak your language, but when you pay attention, they don’t have to. Contact us today with any questions!